Alle Artikel zu Network im ZetServers Blog — 29 Beiträge.
A Sofia dedicated server reaches Bulgaria, North Macedonia, northern Greece, Albania and Serbia inside a 5 ms floor. Here is the latency table, the cities where Bucharest is closer, how to choose between the two, and what a Sofia build costs.
Dublin is the EU location closest to Britain's north and west and the European city nearest North America. Latency floors to Belfast, Manchester and New York, the workloads that fit, when Amsterdam or Ashburn wins instead, and what a Dublin server costs.
Vienna's case is not Austria, which Frankfurt already serves in about 6 ms, but the countries east and south of it. Latency floors to Bratislava, Budapest, Prague and Zagreb, the honest exceptions, Frankfurt and Bucharest pairs, and prices from €209.
Milan sits at the centre of northern Italy, a few milliseconds from Turin, Genoa and Bologna and under 5 ms on the floor to Rome. Here is the latency table, the workloads that suit a Milan server, how it pairs with Frankfurt or Marseille, and when another city wins.
Lisbon is our closest city to Portugal, Madeira, the Azores and north-eastern Brazil, and the one where only AMD EPYC builds are offered. Latency floors to 12 destinations, the workloads that fit, honest cases for Madrid, Marseille or Ashburn, and prices from €449 a month.
Madrid sits in the middle of the Iberian Peninsula, so Valencia, Seville, Bilbao and Porto are all within 4.2 ms of floor, against 11.7 to 18.3 ms from Frankfurt. Here is what a Madrid server covers, why Latin America belongs in Ashburn instead, and what it costs.
HTTP floods arrive as real TCP and TLS sessions, often light on bandwidth, so network-layer scrubbing lets them through. Cloudflare's 2025 figures, HTTP/2 Rapid Reset, a working nginx limit_req and limit_conn config, timeouts, private origins, and where the 10 Tbps + Layer 7 tier fits.
Paris anchors France's largest online market and reaches London, Brussels and Amsterdam in a few milliseconds. Latency floors from Paris, the workloads that suit it, when Marseille is the better French seat, and what a server costs.
When a DDoS attack is bigger than the links it arrives on, hosts null-route the target: every packet to that IP is dropped, legitimate users included. How RTBH (RFC 5635) and the BLACKHOLE community 65535:666 (RFC 7999) work, how to spot one with mtr, and what to ask your host.
Volumetric floods fill the port, SYN and ACK floods fill state tables, HTTP floods burn application CPU and carpet bombing hides under per-host alarms. A taxonomy by layer, with CISA's amplification factors, Cloudflare's 2025 attack data and the layer of defence that stops each family.
A hidden primary, three secondaries in different cities and networks, TSIG-signed NOTIFY and zone transfers, a working Knot DNS config with automatic DNSSEC signing, and the dig commands that prove an authoritative DNS server answers correctly. Plus what it costs and when managed DNS wins.
Loss at a middle hop is usually a router declining to answer, not traffic being dropped. Here is what each MTR column means, why a stock Linux router rations its replies, how to check a latency step against the fibre floor, and the two-way report a support team can act on.